SOUNDS OF SILENCE
by Shobhan Saxena

The Chinese say "may you live in interesting times". However, for two
nine-year old Tibetan boys' lives it has not been so interesting. One
has been abducted for being someone. And the other one has been forced
to become someone he is not. It's a curious, and terribly sad story
of Gendun Choekyi Nyima and Gyaltsen Norbu. In the heated political
climate of Tibet the two boys have become pawns in a battle the Chinese
want to win by hook-or-crook.
Gendun Choekyi Nyima's troubles started soon after he was
selected by His Holiness the Dalai Lama as the 11th Panchen Lama. This
was in
1995. The Panchen Lama was last seen in July that year. No one has
seen him since then despite the Chinese claims that he is well.
And that very year, amidst chanting of prayers, beating
of drums and supervision of a Chinese official, Norbu was installed
as the 11th
Panchen Lama, the second most important position in Tibetan Buddhism.
The controversy had started in July 1995 when the Chinese government
rejected
the Dalai Lama's selection of Nyima as the new Panchen Lama.
The Communist party bosses flayed the Dalai Lama for "promoting
Tibetan independence". The Chinese repeated their old rhetoric,
accusing the Dalai Lama of trying to split the "motherland".
The Chinese ordered senior monks to find another Panchen Lama.
This was a major shift in the Chinese policy on Tibet. First time since
the ugly days of the Cultural Revolution the Communist officials
had played active role in the selection and enthronement of the Panchen
Lama. The move signified the fact that even the theological affairs
of Tibet should be controlled from Beijing.
The controversy has been going on since then. But the question
is where is the Panchen Lama? Isn't he the youngest political prisoner
in
the world? Isn't the Chinese government using a young Tibetan boy
for political purpose by forcing him to masquerade as Panchen Lama?
The answer to this question is yes.
The Chinese generally keep mum about the location of the Panchen Lama.
Or sometimes they give wrong, misleading and conflicting information.
Two delegations from the Western nations were given absolutely different
information about the Panchen Lama's whereabouts recently.
An Austrian delegation, led by foreign minister Wolfgang Schuessel,
visited Tibet some time back. The delegation was informed by vice-governor
of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Yang Chuantang, that the eight-year
old Choekyi Nyima was living in his birth place - village Lhari,
located some 250 km from Lhasa, in Nagchu prefecture.
On the contrary, a group of three US clerics, who visited Tibet and
China, were told that the boy was in Beijing. Earlier reports had
also said that the boy was living in the Chinese capital.
That's not the end. In another report, the senior most Tibetan leader
in the Chinese hierarchy, Ngapo Ngawang Jigme, said that he believed
the boy was in Gansu province.
So where is he? Where is the 11th Panchen Lama? Is he in Lhari or in
Beijing or in Gansu? Who do we believe? Why can't the Chinese government
give a clear-cut answer. Maybe the Beijing mandarins do not have
an answer. Maybe they do not want to talk about the Panchen Lama.
Because they have something to hide from the world . Obviously, they
can not say that an nine-year old boy is being held as a political
prisoner somewhere in China.
They only say nice things. The boy was last mentioned in the Chinese
press in September 1997, when Ragdi, the executive deputy secretary
of the Tibet Communist Party, was reported by a Hong Kong news agency
on 16th September as saying : "He goes to school as every other
child does and is perfectly free without restraint."
If he is free why is he invisible? Why are foreign delegations
which visit China and Tibet not allowed to see the Panchen Lama?
The Chinese
have no answer to these questions. They want to force the Tibetan
people to accept Norbu as the 11th Panchen Lama. The abbot of Tashi
Lhunpo monastery, Shigatse, was expelled in July 1997 for refusing
to endorse Norbu as the 11th Panchen Lama. The secretary of Tashi
Lhunpo Democratic Management Committee, Lama Gyatrul Rinpoche, was
also expelled for defying the Chinese dictates. He was arrested,
imprisoned and expelled.
Even the office of His Holiness Dalai Lama has no information about
the Panchen Lama.
The Chinese government has always tried to check the Dalai Lama's influence
in Tibet. The 10th Panchen Lama was encouraged to speak against the
Dalai Lama. Now, they have installed Panchen Lama of their choice
so that he can be manipulated to speak in favour of Beijing. The
Chinese have issued orders to Tibetan monks to keep away from the
Dalai Lama.
Interestingly, during the enthroning ceremony about three years ago,
Norbu, the fake Panchen Lama, expressed his gratitude to the Beijing
rulers and said he loved his motherland and Tibetan religion. No
points for guessing who asked him to utter those words.
So this is the Chinese game - keep the real Panchen Lama
in captivity and use the fake one for political purposes. And this
is the story
of two Tibetan boys who are being manipulated by the Chinese. One
is visible. The other is not.
Gendun Choeki Nyima, the eight-year old boy from Lhari,
is the youngest political prisoner in the world. His survival is important
because
the future of Tibet depends on him. The seat of the Panchen Lama
plays major role in the selection of the Dalai Lama. The Chinese know
that and that's why they have kept Gyaltsen Norbu in their pocket.
Whereas
they keep silent about or mislead the world about the real Panchen
Lama - Gendun Choekyi Nyima.
And the Panchen Lama is not the only young political prisoner in Tibet.
Many young boys are languishing as prisoners of conscience in Chinese
prisons.
It's a serious matter for the future of Tibet, for the safety
of a small boy, for human rights in Tibet. Everybody who cares for
Tibet
and its people should demand immediate release of Gendun Choekyi
Nyima. And he should be put on the right place --the seat of the 11th
Panchen
Lama.
-----
Shobhan Saxena is a former journalist for The Times of India. He has
been writing on the Tibetan issue since 1992. He is now a free-lance
writer in London.
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